From 822 AD to 1951, Tibet signed a series of treaties with its neighbours. Here is the collection…

• Treaty between Tibet an China (821)
  The Great King of Tibet, the Miraculous Divine Lord, and the Great King of China, the Chinese Ruler Huangdi, being in the relationship of nephew and uncle, have conferred together for the alliance of their kingdoms. They have made and ratified a great agreement.

• Treaty between Tibet and Bashahr – 1681
  Professor L. Petech gives the best available information about this in his valuable article on ‘The Tibetan-Ladakhi-Moghul War of 1681-1683’ in the Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol. XXIII, September 1947.

• Peace Treaty between Ladakh and Tibet – 1684
  The Drukpa (red sect) Omniscient Lama, named Mee-pham-wang-po, who in his former incarnations had always been the patron Lama of the kings of Ladak, from generation to generation, was sent from Lhasa to Tashi-gang, to arrange the conditions

• Agreement between Nepal and Tibet -1788
  Nepal agreed to withdraw from the border area of Tibet that it had seized during the war and to recognize the validity of the former boundary (though it retained the right to administer half of the town of Kuti granted to Raja Pratap Malla of Kathmandu 140 years earlier).

• Defeat of the Gurkhas – 1792
  The monument of the deeds fully accomplished ten times. Now that the Gurkhas have submitted to me, the Imperial army has been withdrawn, and the completion of this brilliant tenth achievement has been set out in the Letter.

• Agreement between Ladakh and Tibet – 1842
  Shri Khalsaji Apsarani Shri Maharajali; Lhasa representative Kalon Surkhang investigator Dapon Peshi, commander of forces; Balana, the representative of Gulam Kahandin; and the interpreter Amir Shah, have written this letter after sitting together.

• Agreement between Tibet and Kashmir – 1852
  This is dated the third day of the month of the Water Bull Year (apparently 1852). The Ladakhis refusing to supply the Tibetan Government trader Ke-Sang Gyurme with the usual transport animals on account of the decreased tea trade,

• Treaty between Tibet and Nepal – 1856
  Treaty of Peace, consisting of ten Articles, between the States of Gurkha and Tibet (Bhote), settled and concluded by us, the Chief Sardars, Bharadars, and Lamas of both Governments, whose signatures and seals are attached below.

• The Convention of Chefoo – 1876
  Extract: Her Majesty’s Government having it in contemplation to send a mission of exploration next year, by way of Peking, through Kansuh and Kokonor, or by way of Szechuen to Thibet, and thence to India, the Tsungli Yamen,  having due regard to the circumstances,

• Convention relating to Burmah and Thibet – 1886
  Inasmuch as inquiry into the circumstances, by the Chinese Government, has shown the existence of many obstacles to the Mission to Thibet provided for in the separate article of the Chefoo Agreement, England consents to countermand the Mission forthwith.

• Convention between Great Britain and China- 1890
  WHEREAS Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, are sincerely desirous to maintain and perpetuate the relations of friendship and good understanding

• Regulations regarding Trade Communication and Pasturage – 1893
  A TRADE mart shall be established at Yatung on the Tibetan side of the frontier, and shall be open to all British subjects for purposes of trade from the 1st day of May, 1894.

• Agreement between Russia and China – 1902
  As a result of the forward policy of the British, a Commercial Agreement has presumably been signed between the Russian and the Chinese in 1902. This treaty which is not acknowledged by many could have been the starter for the events of 1903-04.

• Convention between Tibet and Great Britain – 1904
  WHEREAS doubts and difficulties have arisen as to the meaning and validity of the Anglo-Chinese Convention of 1890, and the Trade Regulations of 1893

• Convention between Great Britain and China – 1906
  Whereas His Majesty the King of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, and His Majesty the Emperor of China are sincerely desirous

• Exchange of Notes Between Great Britain (1906)
  Tong Sioa-yi, Sir E. Satow to Tong Shoa-yi, Your Excellency I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency’s note this day’s date, in which you declare formally, with reference to the Convention relating to Tibet

• Convention between Great Britain and Russia – 1907
  His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, and His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias,

• Agreement between Great Britain, China on Tibet – 1908
  WHEREAS by Article I of the Convention between Great Britain and China on the 17th April, 1906, that is the 4th day of the 4th moon of the 32nd year of Kwang Hsu, it was provided that both the High Contracting Pasties should engage

• Treaty between Great Britain and Bhutan – 1910
  Whereas it is desirable to amend Articles IV and VIII of the Treaty concluded at Sinchula on the 11th day of November 1865, corresponding with the Bhutia year Shing Lang, 24th day of the 9th month,

• Agreement between the Chinese and the Thibetans – 1912
  On account of the fighting between the Chinese and the Thibetans, the representatives of the Chinese and of the Thibetans met together in the presence of the Nepalese representatives as a witness, and in his office, in order to satisfy the respective parties.

• Russo-Mongolian Agreement and Protocol – 1912
  In accordance with the desire unanimously expressed by the Mongolians to maintain the national and historic constitution of their country, the Chinese troops and authorities were obliged to evacuate Mongolian territory,

• Treaty between Tibet and Mongolia. January 1913
  (signed at Urga in January 1913)
  Whereas Mongolia and Tibet, having freed themselves from the Manchu dynasty and separated themselves from China, have become independent States, and whereas the two States have always professed one and the same religion, and to the end that their ancient mutual friendships may be strengthened:

• Convention between Great Britain China and Tibet – 1914
  His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, His Excellency the President of the Republic of China, and His Holiness the Dalai Lama of Tibet, being sincerely desirous to settle by mutual agreement various questions concerning the interests of their several States on the Continent of Asia,

• Anglo Tibetan Trade Regulations – 1914
  Whereas by Article 7 of the Convention concluded between the Governments of Great Britain, China and Tibet on the third day of July, A.D. 1914, the Trade Regulations of1893 and 1908 were cancelled and the Tibetan Government engaged to negotiate with the British Government new Trade Regulations for Outer Tibet to give effect to Articles II, Wand V of the Convention of 1904;

• Exchange of notes between the British and Tibetan plenipotentiaries – 1914
  To Lochen Shatra, Tibetan Plenipotentiary. In February last you accepted the India-Tibet frontier from the Isu Razi Pass to the Bhutan frontier, as given in the map (two sheets), of which two Copies are herewith attached, subject to the confirmation of your government and the following conditions:

• Agreement for the Restoration of Peaceful Relations – 1918
  Whereas a state of hostilities arose last year between Chinese and Tibetans owing to an attack by Chinese troops on Tibetan troopson account of a trifling dispute near Leiwuchi and Chiamdo; and whereas the leaders on both sides are now desirous of a restoration of peaceful relations on the general basis of both aides retaining the territories they now occupy

• Supplementary Agreement Regarding Mutual Withdrawal of Troops – 1918
  The Chinese and Tibetan leaders are equally desirous of peace. The Chinese troops will withdraw to Kantze. The Tibetan troops will withdraw to within the boundary of Derge district.

• Agreement on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet – 1951
  The Tibetan nationality is one of the nationalities with a long history within the boundaries of China and, like many other nationalities, it has done its glorious duty in the course of the creation and development of the great Motherland.